,
Seafriends - Index to lower
animals
The lower sea animals you will find in this section are: seasquirts,
starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, jellyfish, anemones, corals, gorgoneans,
hydroids, bryozoa
Introduction
Introduction to the lower animals of NZ
A systematic classification of the lower animals of our seas
Available books and references
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THE ANIMAL KINGDOM
Protozoa: amoeba-like forms, foraminifera,
ciliates and flagellates. See Plankton
index
Porifera : sponges
Calcarea : calcareous sponges
Demospongia : siliceous and horny sponges
Tetractinomorpha
Hardomerida
Spirastrellidae
Spirastrella: Spirastrella spinispirulifera
Dotonella : Dotonella mirabilis
Latrunculia : Latrunculia brevis
Rhabderemia : R coralloides, R stellata
Timea : T alba, T aurantiaca
Suberitidae
Aaptos: Aaptos aaptos
Polymastia : P conigera, P fusca, P granulosa, P hirsuta
Stylotella : Sylotella agminata
Pseudosuberites : P sulcatus
Suberites : S affinis, S axinelloides, S carnosus, S cupuloides,
S australiensis, S perfectus
Clionidae
Cliona : C celata, C euryphylla
Epipolasida
Jaspidae
Lamellomorpha : L strongylata
Asteropus : Asteropus simplex
Jaspis : Jaspis novae-zelandiae
Sollasellidae
Epipolasis : Epipolasis novae-zealandia
Tehtyidae
Tethya : T aurantium, T ingalli, T robusta, T deformis
Choristida
Ancorinidae
subfamily Ancornininae
Ancorina : A alata, A acervus, A progressa, A stalagmoides
Penares : Penares tylotaster
Thenea : Thenea novae-zealandiae
subfamily stellettinae
Monosyringia : M calcifera, M mortenseni
Stelletta : S crater, S purpurea, s arenaria, S maxima, S lithoides,
S communis, S conulosa, s maori, S novae-zealandia, S sandalinum
Rhabdastrella : Rhabdastrella aurora
Geodiidae
Erylus : Erylus nigra
Geodia : G regins, G rex
Geodinella : G vestigifera
Tetillidae
Craniellopsis : C zetlandica
Tetilla : Tetilla australe
Cinachyra : C novae-zealandiae, C uteoides
Homosclerophorida
Halinidae
Subfamily Halininae
Pachastrella : Pachastrella incrustata
subfamily Corticinae
Corticellopsis : C novae-zealandiae
Plakina : P monolopha, P trilopha
Lithistida
Listhida
Scleritodermidae
Aciculites : Aciculites pulchra
Theonellidae
Lepidothenea : Lepidothenea incrustans
Ceractinomorpha
Coelanterata (=Cnidaria) : hydroids, jelly-fish,
sea-anemones, corals
Athecata : hydroids with polyps dominant
Thecata : hydroids with polyps dominant
Limnomedusae : hydroids with medusa dominant (Gonionemus)
Siphonophora : pelagic colonial hydroids
Anthozoa : sea anemones, corals, soft corals
Alcyonaria :
Zoantharia : sea anemones and corals
Actiniaria : anemones
Zoantiniaria :
Corallimorpharia :
Scleractinia : true corals
Scyphozoa : jellyfish
Platyhelminthes : flatworms
Turbellaria : free-living flatworms
Nemertea (Nemertina)
Entoprocta : polyzoa or sea mats
Gymnolaemata
Cyclostomata
Cheilostomata
Ctenostomata
Phoronida
Brachiopoda
Inarticulata : Lingula, Crania
Articulata : lamp shells
Sipuncula : Sipunculus, Dendrostomum ,
etc
Echieura : Urechis
Annelida : worms
Polychaeta : bristle worms
Errantia : errant bristle worms
Sedentaris : sedentary bristle worms
Oligochaeta : land and freshwater worms
Archiannelida : Nerilla, Protodrilus
Mollusca : see separate Classification
of NZ mollusca
Arthropoda : see Classification
of NZ Crustaceans
Echinodermata : see Classification
of NZ echinoderms
Chordata : with a nervous cord
Sub-phylum Hemichordata : acorn worms
Sub-phylum Urochordata
Sub-phylum Cephalochordata : lancelets
Sub-phylum Craniata : higher order chordates
or vertebrates (fishes , amphibians, reptiles,
birds ,
mammals )
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Further reading
The titles marked blue are available from
the Seafriends Library .
Bergquist, Patricia R. The marine fauna of
NZ: Porifera, Demospongiae, Part1 . 1968. NZOI Memoir No 37
Leigh Laboratory Publications
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